Bones of the body flashcards

All 74 cards, with answers

1. 1

   How many bones are in the adult human skeleton?
   206
2. 2

   What are the 2 divisions of the skeleton?
   The axial skeleton (80 bones) and the appendicular skeleton (126 bones)
3. 3

   What does the axial skeleton include?
   The skull, vertebral column and thoracic cage, plus the hyoid and the ear ossicles: 80 bones
4. 4

   What does the appendicular skeleton include?
   The bones of the upper and lower limbs and the girdles that attach them to the axial skeleton: 126 bones
5. 5

   How many bones form the skull?
   22: 8 cranial bones and 14 facial bones (the hyoid is not part of the skull)
6. 6

   Name the 8 cranial bones.
   Frontal, 2 parietal, 2 temporal, occipital, sphenoid and ethmoid
7. 7

   Which single bone forms the forehead?
   The frontal bone
8. 8

   Which paired bones form most of the upper sides and top of the skull?
   The parietal bones
9. 9

   Which paired bones form the lower sides of the skull and carry the mastoid process?
   The temporal bones
10. 10

    Which single bone forms the back of the skull and contains the foramen magnum?
    The occipital bone
11. 11

    Which single bone is the "keystone" of the skull, joining almost every other skull bone?
    The sphenoid bone
12. 12

    Which single midline bone forms the roof and side walls of the upper nasal cavity?
    The ethmoid bone
13. 13

    Name the 14 facial bones.
    6 pairs (maxilla, palatine, zygomatic, nasal, lacrimal, inferior nasal conchae) plus the vomer and the mandible
14. 14

    Which paired bone forms the upper jaw and most of the hard palate?
    The maxilla
15. 15

    Which bone forms the lower jaw?
    The mandible, the only movable bone of the skull
16. 16

    Where is the maxilla?
    The upper jaw (not the nose, and not the cheekbone)
17. 17

    Which bone is the cheekbone?
    The zygomatic bone
18. 18

    Which paired bones form the bridge of the nose?
    The nasal bones
19. 19

    Which small, rectangular bone forms the front of the inner wall of the orbit?
    The lacrimal bone
20. 20

    Which paired bones form the back of the hard palate?
    The palatine bones
21. 21

    Which bone forms the back and lower part of the nasal septum?
    The vomer
22. 22

    Which curved bony plates project into the nasal cavity from its lower side walls?
    The inferior nasal conchae
23. 23

    Which U-shaped bone in the upper neck touches no other bone?
    The hyoid bone
24. 24

    Name the 3 ear ossicles in order from the eardrum.
    Malleus, incus, stapes (hammer, anvil, stirrup)
25. 25

    Which ear ossicle attaches to the eardrum (tympanic membrane)?
    The malleus
26. 26

    Which ear ossicle connects to the cochlea at the oval window?
    The stapes
27. 27

    How many cervical vertebrae are there?
    7 (C1 to C7), in the neck
28. 28

    How many thoracic vertebrae are there?
    12 (T1 to T12)
29. 29

    How many lumbar vertebrae are there?
    5 (L1 to L5), in the lower back
30. 30

    How is the sacrum formed?
    From 5 sacral vertebrae fused together
31. 31

    How is the coccyx formed?
    From 4 small coccygeal vertebrae fused together
32. 32

    What is the C1 vertebra called?
    The atlas
33. 33

    What is the C2 vertebra called?
    The axis
34. 34

    What makes up the adult vertebral column?
    24 vertebrae (7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar) plus the sacrum and coccyx
35. 35

    What does the thoracic cage consist of?
    12 pairs of ribs with their costal cartilages, and the sternum
36. 36

    What are the 3 parts of the sternum?
    The manubrium, the body and the xiphoid process
37. 37

    Which ribs are the true ribs?
    Ribs 1 to 7
38. 38

    Which ribs are the false ribs?
    Ribs 8 to 12
39. 39

    Which ribs are the floating ribs?
    Ribs 11 and 12 (the last 2 false ribs)
40. 40

    Which 2 bones form the pectoral girdle?
    The clavicle and the scapula
41. 41

    Which S-shaped bone runs from the sternum to the scapula at the front of the shoulder?
    The clavicle (collarbone)
42. 42

    Which flat, triangular bone sits at the back of the shoulder?
    The scapula (shoulder blade)
43. 43

    What forms the bony tip of the shoulder?
    The acromion of the scapula
44. 44

    Which single bone forms the upper arm?
    The humerus
45. 45

    Which forearm bone is on the thumb side?
    The radius (lateral)
46. 46

    Which forearm bone is on the pinky side?
    The ulna (medial)
47. 47

    How many bones are in each upper limb?
    30
48. 48

    Where are the 8 carpal bones?
    The wrist and base of the hand
49. 49

    Name the proximal row of carpals, thumb side to pinky side.
    Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform
50. 50

    Name the distal row of carpals, thumb side to pinky side.
    Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
51. 51

    What mnemonic gives the 8 carpal bones?
    So Long To Pinky, Here Comes The Thumb: the proximal row thumb to pinky, then the distal row pinky to thumb
52. 52

    Trapezium or trapezoid: which is next to the thumb?
    The trapezium: the "Thumb" at the end of the carpal mnemonic
53. 53

    Which bones form the palm?
    The 5 metacarpals, numbered 1 to 5 from the thumb
54. 54

    How many phalanges are in each hand?
    14: 2 in the thumb, 3 in each finger
55. 55

    Which digit has only 2 phalanges?
    The thumb (pollex, digit 1); in the foot, the big toe
56. 56

    What forms the pelvic girdle on each side?
    A single hip bone (coxal bone)
57. 57

    Which 3 bones fuse to form each hip bone?
    The ilium, ischium and pubis, fused by the late teens
58. 58

    What is the cup-shaped socket where the ilium, ischium and pubis meet?
    The acetabulum, the socket of the hip joint
59. 59

    Which part of the hip bone supports you when you sit?
    The ischium (its ischial tuberosity)
60. 60

    What is the curved top edge of the ilium called?
    The iliac crest
61. 61

    Which 4 bones form the pelvis?
    The right and left hip bones, the sacrum and the coccyx
62. 62

    Which is the longest and strongest bone in the body?
    The femur (thigh bone)
63. 63

    Which sesamoid bone sits in the quadriceps tendon at the knee?
    The patella (kneecap)
64. 64

    Which bone is the shin bone, on the medial side of the leg?
    The tibia, the weight-bearing bone of the leg
65. 65

    Which leg bone is lateral and does not bear weight?
    The fibula
66. 66

    The medial malleolus (inner ankle bump) belongs to which bone?
    The tibia
67. 67

    The lateral malleolus (outer ankle bump) belongs to which bone?
    The fibula
68. 68

    How many bones are in each lower limb?
    30
69. 69

    Name the 7 tarsal bones.
    Talus, calcaneus, navicular, cuboid, and the medial, intermediate and lateral cuneiforms
70. 70

    Which tarsal bone is the heel bone?
    The calcaneus
71. 71

    Which tarsal bone meets the tibia and fibula to form the ankle joint?
    The talus, the most superior tarsal
72. 72

    Carpals or tarsals: which are in the wrist?
    Carpals (8, wrist); the 7 tarsals form the back half of the foot
73. 73

    Which bones form the front half of the foot?
    The 5 metatarsals
74. 74

    How many phalanges are in each foot?
    14: 2 in the big toe, 3 in each other toe